In the Book of Songs, Wei Feng qi Ao has a poem: "Look at the Qi Ao, the green bamboo is yi Yi.
There are bandits and gentlemen, such as cut, such as cut, such as grinding."
It means in the deep and curved qi water, faintly visible lush green bamboo, can not help but remind people of the "gentleman" elegant and clear posture, select the direction of learning, temper polished personality.
This is the first historical record that connects the word "gentleman" with bamboo, and the use of bamboo as a metaphor also fully demonstrates the character and talent of the word "gentleman".
Spring bamboo, xihui, qiuju, winter plum, and the time tea is the four time tea, spring, summer, autumn and winter are appropriate, today, it is time to include tea in the "five gentlemen" of the list!
Since ancient times, bamboo, orchid, chrysanthemum and plum flower have been called "four gentlemen" by literati, endowed with profound national cultural spirit and become symbols of personality and moral character.
As the first of the "four gentlemen", from the perspective of history, bamboo is the earliest plant in the form of "gentleman".
From the point of plant biology, bamboo, orchid, chrysanthemum, plum corresponding to all the year round, spring up of idioms and fastest growing in the spring bamboo, bamboo distribution area in China the largest is the bamboo (also called moso bamboo), rotz bamboo shoots, largest growth up to 1.19 meters, as for chillon and qiu ju is also summer and fall the plant that attracts the most attention, and a proud meadow in winter snow in full bloom;
From the perspective of scientific dimension, the internationally accepted plant naming laws and regulations are arranged according to the principle of plant naming priority. Since the junzi refers to bamboo at the earliest, and bamboo, orchid, chrysanthemum and plum correspond to the four seasons of the year, the order of "bamboo, orchid, chrysanthemum and plum" is natural and appropriate.
The origin of the name "four gentlemen", on the one hand, is due to the habit of plants themselves;
On the other hand, it was also respected by the refined Confucian scholars.
Huang Fengchi, a scholar from Huizhou, Anhui province in the Ming Dynasty, compiled the Four Scores of Plum, Bamboo, orchid, chrysanthemum and plum, which were widely known as the "four gentlemen". The four scores of Plum, bamboo, orchid, chrysanthemum and plum were all praised for their noble character.
Liang Shiqiu, a modern scholar, made an accurate assessment of this image: "Mei, cutting snow and ice, is a proud person;
Orchid, fragrant valley, narcissistic;
Bamboo, screen on the wind, natural life;
Chrysanthemum, Ling frost complacent, do not hasten hot.
Together, they have one thing in common: they are both indifferent to the world and do not fawning on the world."
Throughout history, scholars and writers of all ages have a special liking for the "four gentlemen".
Confucius said of LAN: "Living with a good man is like living in the house of Zhi LAN. If you do not smell its fragrance for a long time, you will melt with it."
Tao Yuanming in the Wei and Jin Dynasties loved chrysanthemums. In his famous poem drinking Wine, he wrote, "Under the eastern hedge picking chrysanthemums, leisurely see the Southern mountains."
Lin Bumei from the Song Dynasty wrote in His book Shanyuan Xiao Mei (Xiao Mei in Mountain Garden) that the plum blossom "is thin and shallow with thin shadow horizontally tilted and has a faint fragrance floating on the evening moon."
Zheng Banqiao, a poet and painter in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem in his poem and painting "Bamboo stone" : "Insist on the green mountains and never relax.
Thousand mill ten thousand strike still firm, ren Er east southwest north wind."
It can be seen that the "four gentlemen" are not only the feelings of Chinese literati, but also a spiritual sustenance and belonging in the depth of national emotion.
Tea is not one of the "four gentlemen", but it also has the nature of indifference and tranquility. Especially with its long and fresh fragrance, it "admires poets and loves monks". Tea picking, tea making, tea drinking, tea tasting and even tea sets and utensils have become arts.
Tea, growth in the mountains, between the valley;
Tea tree vitality indomitable, regardless of the severe cold heat, evergreen;
The tea tree is ready to give, and the spring buds are ready to be picked, year after year, until the end of life.
Tea absorbs the essence of heaven and earth, holy and moist;
Tea first bitter after sweet, the more the more clear;
The tea art is natural and thrifty.
Chinese people have a long history of drinking tea. It originated from Shennong and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. It has been inherited till now, or at least 4,700 years old.
Lu Yu's The Classic of Tea, the first treatise on tea in the world, said that "Tea is the best tree in the South". The book paid particular attention to the tea preparation process, including tea selection, water collection, preparation, seasoning, tea preparation, tea serving, tea tasting and other methods. Ancient people respected Lu Yu as "the saint of tea".
The elegant and peaceful character of tea attracts countless people who love tea.
Bai Juyi poem: "taste a bowl of tea, line to read a line of books."
"Night tea one or two ladle, autumn Yin three voice."
"Three litres of wine in the small wind, a bowl of tea in the cold stove" and so on, it is clear that the habit of tea in hand.
Legend has it that When Qianlong visited Taihu Lake, he tasted a kind of green tea called "frighten evil spirit person's fragrance".
Qianlong greatly praised and awarded the name "Biluochun", since then famous world.
Lu Xun wrote tea Drinking, in which he said: "If you have good tea to drink, you will drink good tea, which is a kind of pure blessing.
But to enjoy it, first of all, you must have time, and then you must have the special feeling of practice."
Lu Xun raised tea drinking to the cultural level, believing that tea is a spiritual drink and closely related to the development of traditional Chinese culture.
The trilogy of Tea Men by contemporary writer Wang Xufeng is a model of tea lovers in modern China.
The works show the tea merchants' forbearance and tenacity in their life of sorrow.
Tea culture originates from life and then returns to life, integrating Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism into one, and integrating into each stage of Chinese culture with the development of The Times.
Many Chinese sage appreciated the spiritual connotation of tea, improved themselves in the fragrance of tea, and enriched the spiritual home.
Up to now, tea naturally entered the "five gentlemen" of the list!
China is not only the hometown of tea, but also a big tea-producing country. Different regions have grown tea with their own characteristics due to their unique geographical environment and climatic conditions.
The development of the Silk Road in the Western Han Dynasty made China's silk and tea spread to other countries, which not only promoted the development of foreign trade, but also enabled China to establish a good relationship of peace and cooperation with the countries along the Silk Road, which could be regarded as a great contribution.
According to statistics, by 2015, China's tea plantation area reached 43.16 million mu, and the output of dry tea reached 2.278 million tons, with a comprehensive output value of 307.8 billion yuan.
In 2016, China's tea industry still maintained a good growth momentum.
As sons and daughters of The Chinese people, we should carry forward the tea culture and boost the tea industry.
We have every reason to believe that under the benign mode of promoting industry by culture and industrial belt culture, China's tea culture industry will further flourish and develop, so as to break through the whole industrial chain, boost the formation of tea industry with output value of one trillion yuan, and make special contribution to China's economic and cultural development.
Agricultural and Forestry universities, as an important platform for the promotion and dissemination of tea culture, have always been making efforts for the development of tea culture industry. In particular, Zhejiang A&F University has also set up a college of Tea Culture, which adheres to the promotion of tea culture as an important mission and takes the lead in the cultivation of tea culture talents.
Founded in 2006, The College of Tea Culture of Zhejiang A&F University is the first professional talent base of tea culture at the undergraduate level in China. Later, it established the Base of Chinese international promotion of tea culture, providing a world-class international platform for the inheritance and development of the essence of tea culture.
The documentary "Chinese Tea: Oriental Panacea", planned and shot by Zhejiang A&F University, was highly praised by all circles in the US after it was broadcast, and was collected by former US President Jimmy Carter, who wrote to express his thanks to the producer.
In 2015, The Institute of Bamboo Tea Culture of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University was established, which officially put forward the theory of "five gentlemen" of Bamboo, orchid and ju mei tea, ranking tea among the five gentlemen of China and keeping pace with bamboo, orchid and Ju mei.
Cultural confidence is a more fundamental, broader and deeper confidence, and a more fundamental, deeper and lasting force.
The Chinese people should make joint efforts to carry forward the Chinese tea culture, expand and strengthen the tea industry, benefit the people and share it with people all over the world!